Prophet
(S.A.W.) said, “A person who has a bath on Friday, cleanses himself
fully, uses oil and perfume; then goes to the mosque early in the
afternoon and takes his place quietly, without pushing or disturbing
people; then he prays (optional prayer as much as he was able to pray);
then sits quietly listening to the Khutbah; he will be forgiven his sins
between this Jumaah and the next Jumaah.” (Bukhari)
The Friday prayer (Jumaah Salat) is very important for each Muslim, male and female, because it is a blessing that Allah bestowed on the Ummah of Muhammad (SAW). It has got its own moral, social and political benefits. It is obligatory for every Muslim except women (though it is preferable), children, slaves, seriously ill people and travelers. They can pray Jumaah but it is not obligatory on them.
Abdullah bin Masud (R.A.) narrates what the Messenger of Allah (S.A.W.) once said about the people who did not tome to the Friday Prayer without a good reason, “I wish to appoint someone to lead the prayer and myself go to the houses of those who missed the Friday Prayer and set fire to their houses with the occupants in them.” (Sahih Muslim, Ahmad).
Another hadith states, “A person who leaves 3 Friday prayers consecutively, Allah puts a seal on his heart.” (Ahmad, Tirmizi, Abu Dawud).
IMPORTANCE OF CLEANLINESS FOR FRIDAY PRAYER
Because in Friday Prayer a comparatively large number of Muslims gather in a big place, so Islam emphasizes on the physical cleanliness as well.
Prophet (S.A.W.) said, “A person who has a bath on Friday, cleanses himself fully, uses oil and perfume; then goes to the mosque early in the afternoon and takes his place quietly, without pushing or disturbing people; then he prays (optional prayer as much as he was able to pray); then sits quietly listening to the Khutbah; he will be forgiven his sins between this Jumaah and the next Jumaah.” (Bukhari)
IMPORTANCE OF GOING EARLY TO FRIDAY PRAYER
Abu Hurairah (R.A.) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (S.A.W.) said, “On Friday the Angels stand at the door of the mosque and write down the names of the people in the order in which they enter the mosque for Friday prayer. The first group of people who enter the mosque get the reward equivalent to that of sacrificing a camel, the people who enter the mosque after them get the reward equivalent to that of sacrificing a cow. The people who enter the mosque after them get the reward equivalent to that of sacrificing a ram and the people who follow on likewise get the reward of a chicken, egg and so on there is a gradation of rewards for the people as they enter. The angels keep writing the names of the people as they enter the mosque until the Imam sits down to give Khutbah. Then the angels collect their registers and sit and listen to the Khutbah.” (Bukhari, Muslim).PRAYER BEFORE JUMAAH
A person who goes to attend Friday prayer can pray as many nafils as he wishes after the sun has declined from its zenith to when the Imam comes to give Khutbah. Anyhow he is expected to pray at least 2 rakats Sunnah.
LISTENING TO KHUTBAH (SERMON)
Once the Khutbah starts, the whole congregation should listen to it in silence. If a person arrives while the Imam is giving Khutbah then this person should pray 2 rakats nafil before sitting down to listen to Khutbah.
Jabir (R.A.) said that the Messenger of Allah (S.A.W.) said while he was giving Khutbah: “If anyone of you goes to attend the Friday Prayer while the Imam is delivering Khutbah he should pray 2 rakats and should not make them long.” (Muslim)
There is another hadith. Jabir (R.A.) says that once a man came to Friday Prayer while the Messenger of Allah (S.A.W.) was delivering Khutbah, so Allah’s messenger (S.A.W.) asked him, “Did you pray?” “No”, he answered. Then Prophet (S.A.W.) said to him, ”Stand up and pray:’ (Bukhari, Muslim, Abu Dawud, Tirmizi).
It is a continuous practice in some mosques that those who arrive while the Imam is giving speech sit down and listen to the speech. When the Imam has finished the speech he gives time to the late arrivals to pray 2 or 4 rakats Sunnah. After that the Imam gives a short Khutbah in Arabic before praying the Jumah Prayer.
These people get very annoyed if they see a person offer 2 rakats Sunnah while the Imam is giving speech. They feel that the person is being disrespectful to the Imam. This is incorrect and unapproved from the practice of Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.). It is also against those hadiths which are mentioned above and the one mentioned below.
Abi Oatadah (R.A.) says that the Messenger of Allah (S.A.W.) said, “Whenever one of you enters the mosque he should not sit down without offering 2 rakats.” (Bukhari, Muslim).
ACTUAL JUMAAH PRAYER
Jumaah Prayer is 2 rakats fardh. If a person is late and finds only 1 rakat with the congregation he should complete the second rakat alone. If a person arrives so late that he misses the Jumaah prayer completely then he has to offer 4 rakat farz of Zuhr prayer. The Jumah prayer is replacement of Zuhr prayer but the Imam has to recite Qirat aloud in Jumah Prayer.
PRAYER AFTER JUMAAH
After the Jumaah Prayer 2 rakats of sunnah prayer is an authentically proven practice of Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.) but some companions used to pray 4 or 6 rakats sunnah after the Jumah Prayer.
Ibn Umar (R.A.) says that the Messenger of Allah (S.A.W.) did not pray after the Friday prayer until he went home and then he prayed 2 rakats. (Bukhari, Muslim).
Abu Hurairah (R.A.) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (S.A.W) said: “Anyone of you who is going to pray after the Friday prayer, he should pray 4 rakats.” (Muslim).
Ata says: ”Whenever Abdullah ibn Umar (R.A.) prayed Jumah in Makkah, he would move a little forward after the Jumah prayer and offer 2 rakats; then he would move a little forward again and offer 4 rakats. And whenever he prayed Jumah in Madinah, he did not pray in the mosque after the Jumah prayer until he went back home; then he prayed 2 rakats. When he was asked why he did not pray in the mosque after the Jumah prayer. He answered, ‘This was the practice of Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.)":
These hadiths clarify that 2, 4 or 6 rakats can be offered after the Jumah prayer according to the time and capacity of the person. It is not good practice to accuse people who read 2 rakats only because this, too, was the authentic practice of Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.).
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